There's a man in the tree ... etc.

[Imralu]

1. There's a man in the tree.
2. A man is in the tree.
3. The man is in the tree.

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German:
Pretty much like English except that the usually phrase for "there is" is literally "it gives", and Germans say "on" the tree whereas in English it's "in".

1.

Es gibt einen Mann auf dem Baum.
it gives a.MASC.ACC man on the.MASC.DAT tree

2.

Ein Mann ist auf dem Baum.
a.MASC.NOM is on the.MASC.DAT tree

3.

Der Mann ist auf dem Baum.
the.MASC.NOM man is on the.MASC.DAT tree

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Ngolu:
In Ngolu, the verb phrase comes first, so when the existence of the man is the verbal phrase, it is first. When his location is the verbal phrase, he comes later in the sentence.

1.

muja xua ttiáu
be.man LOC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.tree
be.man at.the tree

2.

n-xua ttiáu ma muja
COP-LOC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.tree NOM.3s.SPEC.MASC.REL be.man

3.

n-xua ttiáu ja muja
COP-LOC.3s.DEF.INAN.REL be.tree NOM.3s.DEF.MASC.REL be.man

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German Sign Language (DGS):

DGS, like most sign languages, as far as I know, tends to follow the (reverse!) figure-ground principle, mentioning larger, more static background objects before smaller, mobile objects.

1.

BAUMA [DETEXISTENZ]IN-A MANN
TREEA [DETEXISTENCE]IN-A MAN
There's a man in the/a tree.

2. / 3.

BAUMA MANN [DETLOK]IN-A
TREEA MAN [DETLOC]IN-A
A/The man is in the tree.

BAUMA MANN SITZIN-A
TREEA MAN SITIN-A
A/The man is sitting in the tree.

BAUMA MANN STEHIN-A
TREEA MAN STANDIN-A
A/The man is standing in the tree.

3.

To place the man's location in greater focus ...

MANN [WO]Augenbrauen-hoch BAUMA [DETLOK]IN-A
MAN [WHERE]eyebrows-raised TREEA [DETLOC]IN-A
The man is in the/a tree.

[Tuslaven Kukristo]

Teeverb Kuluxem:
Echyav tuhon nio shuharbo.
There is a man in the tree.

Tuhon echa' nio shuharbo.
A/The man is in the tree.

[Xing]

leopardish

Nea ta mwena i ta pae.
be_located SG man LOC SG tree

This construction can correspond to either 'there is a man in the tree' or 'the man is in the tree'.

Nea ta mwena nea i ta pae
exist SG man be_located LOC SG tree

This construction would typically require an indefinite construction - 'there is a man in the tree'. Note how the verb nea appears twice - first to indicate existence, and then to indicate location. ('There is a man who is in the tree.')

[Lao Kou]

Géarthnuns

Sö dhaubs la chau bursauv miçnakh.
INDEF man-NOM AUX.PRES DEF tree-LOC there.be
There's a man in the tree.

Sö dhaubs la chau bursauv mal.
INDEF man-NOM AUX.PRES DEF tree-LOC be.located
A man is in the tree.

Chö dhaubs la chau bursauv mal.
DEF man-NOM AUX.PRES DEF tree-LOC be.located
The man is in the tree.

[masako]

1. There's a man in the tree.
2. A man is in the tree.
3. The man is in the tree.

These are all pretty much the same in Kala....unless you wanna use the copula for emphasis, or whatever.

tlaka itohue
man tree-LOC

ke tlaka itohue a
O man tree-LOC COP

or

ke tlaka nahe ito a
O man within/in tree COP

[Khemehekis]

In Kankonian, "in a tree" is ash fega (ash means "on") when a creature is perched on a branch or is in a nest on a branch, and e fega (e means "in") when the creature is in a hole in the trunk of the tree.

Assuming the former is meant:

1. Wiri aas ash fega.
man exist-PRS on tree
There's a man in the tree.

2. Wiri as ash fega.
man PRS on tree
A man is in the tree.

3. Wiri as ash fega.
man PRS on tree
The man is in the tree.

[protondonor]

Kaimen Kēling has two separate copulas for existence and predication. There are no definite or indefinite articles. I still haven't worked out the postposition system fully but I think sisk will be a common spatial postposition meaning in, on, or at, for nouns like fū that don't use the locative case.

1. ūra fūsk sisk amas
   man-NOM tree-ALL in exist-3SG
2. ūra fūsk sisk ures
   man-NOM tree-ALL in be-3SG
3. ūra fūsk sisk ures
   man-NOM tree-ALL in be-3SG

[Nortaneous]

Amqoli doesn't have a definiteness distinction, but you can use demonstratives, and topic marking is sort of relevant. There are no locative adpositions -- you have to use N>V derivation affixes.

1. Tsa qachxemcha bgul da.
[tsa qaˈtʃʰemtʃa bguɫ da]
3S.INAN NONF-tree-N>V.be_on man 3T.M.TOP.have

2. Bgul techxemchas.
[bəˈguɫ teˈtʃʰemtʃas]
man 3T.I.TOP-tree-N>V.be_on-3M.ABS

3. Lqora bgul tchxemcha.
[ɫʁo(ra) bguɫ təˈtʃʰemtʃa]
that.ERG man 3M.I.TOP-tree-N>V.be_on

----

Gehui has null in place of 'there is', but you can use a classifier for emphasis.

1. Mwoɕ ɗe ɣɔmw !añ !arp.
man be_at be_in tree CLF

2. Mwoɕ ɗe ɣɔmw !añ.
man be_at be_in tree

3. !Arp mwoɕ ɗe ɣɔmw !añ.
CLF man be_at be_in tree

Mwoɕ ɣɔmw !añ would be an error -- that means that the man is literally inside the tree.

[k1234567890y]

Lonmai Luna

romanization: eso dal lir e bal on
interlinear: exist person inside at tree the
English translation: There's a man in the tree.

romanization: hi-les dal dul lir e bal on
interlinear: one-CLF person be.at inside at tree the
English translation: A man is in the tree.

romanization: dal on dul lir e bal on
interlinear: person the be.at inside at tree the
English translation: The man is in the tree.

[hoeroathlo]

Amehdenian Kehntra
e tohm eso ma siha ovoh
There's a man in the tree

ma siha ovoh to e tohm
A man is in the tree

ma siha ovoh to siha tohm
The man is in the tree

Ginara Kehntra
epehm aso ma shia ohva
There's a man in the tree

ma siha ohva eto pehm
A man is in the tree

ma siha ohvo to siha pehm
The man is in the tree

[Jackk]

1. There's a man in the tree.
2. A man is in the tree.
3. The man is in the tree.

Chudihr
1. faŗ uida iebui şemon ainfai.
there see-1s.IMP SUBD-in-3s.IMP man tree-DAT-DEF

2. şemon ebui ainfai.
man in-3s.IMP tree-DAT-DEF

3. şemōn ebui ainfai.
man<DEF> in-3s.IMP tree-DAT-DEF

[Jojo87]

Maurs

The copula is a, which in inflected in the passive mood (as) to render the construction "there is".
The definite article is the prefix sa-
Finally, maurs uses relational nouns to indicate positions, together with the locative particle ta.

As son ta sura samokun.
COP-PASS man LOC top DEF-tree-GEN
There is a man in the tree.

Son a ta sura samokun
man COP LOC top DEF-tree-GEN
A man is in the tree.

Sason a ta sura samokun
DEF-man COP LOC top DEF-tree-GEN
The man is in the tree.

[Prinsessa]

Considering using cases after all, in which case mine would be something like this for all three of them:

tree-LOC man

Not sure where my phonology is at the moment, but going by earlier iterations, we'd get perhaps this:

hōs mū

No definite. No number either, so there could be many trees and many men.

[Chagen]

Pazmat:

Pazmat generally doesn't use a copula for sentences like 2 and 3, instead merely juxtaposing the two words together. Using the copula gives a sense like 1.

1: qūḥ vajhāva yētha
man.INDEF.SG tree-DEF.SG-LOC be.IMPERF-3S

2: qūḥ vajhāva
man.INDEF.SG tree-DEF.SG-LOC

3: qiḥā vajhāva
man-DEF.SG tree-DEF.SG-LOC

[Omzinesý]

Suyra

1. There's a man in the tree.
I macíy kós (loyan).
of tree man in_it

2.
- The subject just must be somewhat definite in Suyra.
- If there is a group of known men.
A man is in the tree.
Ke yos ŋhós maciy alyon.
C one PART-man tree be_in

-If I see a man in a tree and report it as a completely new thing.
A man is in the tree.
Kos ó maciy alyon.
man oh tree be_in

3. The man is in the tree.
Kós maciy alyon.
man tree be_in

[gestaltist]

1. There's a man in the tree.
2. A man is in the tree.
3. The man is in the tree.

Polish:
1. Na (tym) drzewie jest mężczyzna.
2. (Jakiś) mężczyzna jest na drzewie.
3. (Ten) mężczyzna jest na drzewie.

Current revision of Ardanian/Hallti
1. Taruah, kku kkimu ma. /taʀu̯aɦ, k’u k’imu ma/
Tree-DEF, man be.on-G1 it(G3).
2. Kku kkimu taral. /k’u k’imu taʀal/
Man be.on-G1 tree.
3. Kkunnah kkimmah taral. /k’uah k’im’ah taʀal/
Man-DEF be.on-DEF tree.

[Sḿtuval]

While there may not be any difference between the first two sentences (which is why I only have two sentences translated), this gives me a chance to use my locative copula. I only have about two of the (irregular) forms out of 35 inflected forms I should have. It's a good thing this translation uses one of the two.

Kauzasian

uaṭin viem (niŋŋane) eŋŋag sa
be_at-IND.PROG.NPST tree-ABS.SG (male-ERG.N) person-ERG.SG the
The man is in the tree.

uaṭin viem (niŋŋane) eŋŋag ivi
be_at-IND.PROG.NPST tree-ABS.SG (male-ERG.N) person-ERG.SG a
A man is in the tree.

I'd usually omit the niŋŋane "male" since gender isn't really important/relevant to the phrase's meaning. Also, Kauzasian's genders aren't masculine and feminine; they're common and neuter.

[GrandPiano]

:zho: Mandarin (simplified characters)

树木里有人。
tree in there.is person
There is a man in the tree.

一个人在树木里。
one CL person at tree in
A man is in the tree.

人在树木里。
person at tree in
The man is in the tree.

Not sure if the 一个 in the second one is necessary without context, but with the right context, the last two could definitely be the same.

[Lao Kou]

:zho: Mandarin (simplified characters)

树木里有人。
tree in there.is person
There is a man in the tree.

一个人在树木里。
one CL person at tree in
A man is in the tree.

人在树木里。
person at tree in
The man is in the tree.

I'd understand 树木里 as "in the woods/trees".

[GrandPiano]

Hm... How would you phrase it, then?