Are you learning a new language?
- Frislander
- mayan
- Posts: 2088
- Joined: 14 May 2016 18:47
- Location: The North
Re: Are you learning a new language?
O Kanã
This challenge actually gives me an opportunity to show off some of the fun particles O Kanã has.
‘ae põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
Are you learning a new language?
This one is the most neutral form. Not much to say here.
The addition of the hearsay evidential indicates that this question was prompted by information received from someone else. A translation which better catches that sense might be "Is it true that you're learning a new language?".
‘ae cea põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ t͡se̯a põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae cea põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT hearsay INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
(Same as above)
The addition of the inferential indicates that the speaker has supporting evidence other than testimony from someone else (e.g. hey found language learning books in the listener's room). As with the previous statement the translation "Is it true that you're learning a new language?" would better catch that overtone.
‘ae dakai põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ (ⁿ)da↓kaɪ̯ põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae dakai põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT inferred INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
(Same as above)
For the second question, the WH word is fronted plus an interrogative focus particle.
tro kanã põkõtrẽtã?
[ʈʳo ka↓nã põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã]
tro kanã põ-kõtrẽ-tã
INT.FOC speak INC-understand-2.ERG
What language are you learning?
This challenge actually gives me an opportunity to show off some of the fun particles O Kanã has.
‘ae põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
Are you learning a new language?
This one is the most neutral form. Not much to say here.
The addition of the hearsay evidential indicates that this question was prompted by information received from someone else. A translation which better catches that sense might be "Is it true that you're learning a new language?".
‘ae cea põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ t͡se̯a põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae cea põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT hearsay INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
(Same as above)
The addition of the inferential indicates that the speaker has supporting evidence other than testimony from someone else (e.g. hey found language learning books in the listener's room). As with the previous statement the translation "Is it true that you're learning a new language?" would better catch that overtone.
‘ae dakai põkõtrẽtã o kanã ero?
[ʔae̯ (ⁿ)da↓kaɪ̯ põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã o kanã eɽo]
‘ae dakai põ-kõtrẽ-tã o kanã ero
INT inferred INC-understand-2.ERG N speak other
(Same as above)
For the second question, the WH word is fronted plus an interrogative focus particle.
tro kanã põkõtrẽtã?
[ʈʳo ka↓nã põkõ↓ʈʳẽtã]
tro kanã põ-kõtrẽ-tã
INT.FOC speak INC-understand-2.ERG
What language are you learning?
Last edited by Frislander on 15 Jun 2017 17:04, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Are you learning a new language?
griuskant (without the conscript)
ost kanda thusti jeth urva?
/'ɔst 'kanda 'θusti 'dʒəθ urva/
2SG learn-V new-A language Q
ost kanda thusti jeth urva?
/'ɔst 'kanda 'θusti 'dʒəθ urva/
2SG learn-V new-A language Q
Last edited by Reyzadren on 30 Sep 2018 14:14, edited 3 times in total.
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Ladoçei Htoleiþe
Are you learning a new language? (addressee is a member of the Htolian species)
Hiko nitseþ wihkoçsa dabutsar?
/ˈʔi.ko ˈni.tseþ ʋiˈˀkoç.ʃɑ ˈdɑ.bu.tsɑɹ/
hiko nits-eþ wihk<oç>s<a> dabu-ts-ar
Q learn-2SG.AN1 be.subjectively.new<ADJ.INAN.INDEF.SG> speak-method-INDEF.ACC
Are you learning a new language? (addressee is a member of a non-Htolian species)
Hiko nitsus wihkoçsa dabutsar?
/ˈʔi.ko ˈni.tsuʃ ʋiˈˀkoç.ʃɑ ˈdɑ.bu.tsɑɹ/
hiko nits-us wihk<oç>s<a> dabu-ts-ar
Q learn-2SG.AN2 be.subjectively.new<ADJ.INAN.INDEF.SG> speak-method-INDEF.ACC
What language are you learning? (addressee is a member of the Htolian species)
Leikeir dabutseir nitseþ?
/ˈleɪ̯.keɪ̯ɹ ˈdɑ.bu.tseɪ̯ɹ ˈni.tseþ/
leik-eir dabu-ts-eir nits-eþ
PRO.INT.INAN.SG-DEF.ACC speak-method-DEF.ACC learn-2SG.AN1
What language are you learning? (addressee is a member of a non-Htolian species)
Leikeir dabutseir nitsus?
/ˈleɪ̯.keɪ̯ɹ ˈdɑ.bu.tseɪ̯ɹ ˈni.tsuʃ/
leik-eir dabu-ts-eir nits-us
PRO.INT.INAN.SG-DEF.ACC speak-method-DEF.ACC learn-2SG.AN2
Are you learning a new language? (addressee is a member of the Htolian species)
Hiko nitseþ wihkoçsa dabutsar?
/ˈʔi.ko ˈni.tseþ ʋiˈˀkoç.ʃɑ ˈdɑ.bu.tsɑɹ/
hiko nits-eþ wihk<oç>s<a> dabu-ts-ar
Q learn-2SG.AN1 be.subjectively.new<ADJ.INAN.INDEF.SG> speak-method-INDEF.ACC
Are you learning a new language? (addressee is a member of a non-Htolian species)
Hiko nitsus wihkoçsa dabutsar?
/ˈʔi.ko ˈni.tsuʃ ʋiˈˀkoç.ʃɑ ˈdɑ.bu.tsɑɹ/
hiko nits-us wihk<oç>s<a> dabu-ts-ar
Q learn-2SG.AN2 be.subjectively.new<ADJ.INAN.INDEF.SG> speak-method-INDEF.ACC
What language are you learning? (addressee is a member of the Htolian species)
Leikeir dabutseir nitseþ?
/ˈleɪ̯.keɪ̯ɹ ˈdɑ.bu.tseɪ̯ɹ ˈni.tseþ/
leik-eir dabu-ts-eir nits-eþ
PRO.INT.INAN.SG-DEF.ACC speak-method-DEF.ACC learn-2SG.AN1
What language are you learning? (addressee is a member of a non-Htolian species)
Leikeir dabutseir nitsus?
/ˈleɪ̯.keɪ̯ɹ ˈdɑ.bu.tseɪ̯ɹ ˈni.tsuʃ/
leik-eir dabu-ts-eir nits-us
PRO.INT.INAN.SG-DEF.ACC speak-method-DEF.ACC learn-2SG.AN2
:heb: I have gained self-respect and left. :yid:
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Swahili:
Unajifunza lugha mpya?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha ny-pya
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) 9/10-new
I'm not positive that -pya can be used in this context though.
Unajifunza lugha gani?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha gani
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) what.kind.of/which
Unajifunza lugha ipi?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha i-pi
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) 9-which
Unajifunza lugha mpya?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha ny-pya
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) 9/10-new
I'm not positive that -pya can be used in this context though.
Unajifunza lugha gani?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha gani
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) what.kind.of/which
Unajifunza lugha ipi?
u-na-ji-funz-a lugha i-pi
2s-PRES-REFL-learn language(9/10) 9-which
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Mandarin
你在学习新语言吗?
Nǐ zài xuéxí xīn yǔyán ma??
2SG PROG learn new language PART
Are you learning a new language?
你学习什么语言?
Nǐ xuéxí shénme yǔyán?
2SG learn which language?
What language do you learn?
你在学习新语言吗?
Nǐ zài xuéxí xīn yǔyán ma??
2SG PROG learn new language PART
Are you learning a new language?
你学习什么语言?
Nǐ xuéxí shénme yǔyán?
2SG learn which language?
What language do you learn?
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Spoken Niofean:
Šam dzi hal nem dzačuaw?
be-2s new language 2s.REFL CAU-know
/ʃam d͡zi hal nɛm d͡zat͡ʃwaʍ/
Are you learning a new language?
Literary Niofean:
Me-me dzi hal dzačuwa?
2s-2s new language CAU-know-PRES.2s
/mim(i) d͡zi hal d͡zat͡ʃ(u)ʍa/
Are you learning a new language?
Spoken Niofean:
Šam nues hal nem dzačuaw?
be-2s which language 2s.REFL CAU-know
/ʃam nwɛs hal nɛm d͡zat͡ʃwaʍ/
What language are you learning?
Literary Niofean:
Nues šta me-me hal dzačuwa?
which be-3s 2s-2s language CAU-know-PRES.2s
/nwɛs ʃta mim(i) hal d͡zat͡ʃ(u)ʍa/
What language are you learning?
Šam dzi hal nem dzačuaw?
be-2s new language 2s.REFL CAU-know
/ʃam d͡zi hal nɛm d͡zat͡ʃwaʍ/
Are you learning a new language?
Literary Niofean:
Me-me dzi hal dzačuwa?
2s-2s new language CAU-know-PRES.2s
/mim(i) d͡zi hal d͡zat͡ʃ(u)ʍa/
Are you learning a new language?
Spoken Niofean:
Šam nues hal nem dzačuaw?
be-2s which language 2s.REFL CAU-know
/ʃam nwɛs hal nɛm d͡zat͡ʃwaʍ/
What language are you learning?
Literary Niofean:
Nues šta me-me hal dzačuwa?
which be-3s 2s-2s language CAU-know-PRES.2s
/nwɛs ʃta mim(i) hal d͡zat͡ʃ(u)ʍa/
What language are you learning?
reírítí lixa kisti o lixati reí kisti · the river god controls the fish and the fish control the river – otísil (pdf)
- kiwikami
- roman
- Posts: 1208
- Joined: 26 May 2012 17:24
- Location: Oh, I don't know, I'm probably around here somewhere.
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Undercommon/Sialhzuņ
Lles fý Sprakj broşoh?
/ɬɛs ɸɨi̯ ˈspɾax ˈbro.sʲɔʔ/
llo-e-s fý sprakj brot-şe-oh
2sg:DUR.VOL-IRR-2sg other language leave-know-Q
Are you learning a new language?
Llomus Sprakjallt broşo?
/ɬo.mʊs ˈspra.xʲaɬt ˈbro.sʲɔ/
llo-mu-s sprakj-allt brot-şe
2sg:DUR.VOL-REPORT-2sg language-Q leave-know
What language are you (as you say) learning?
The first sentence is in the irrealis mood; the second is not, and has a reportative evidential (since presumably the speaker was just told "Yes, I am learning a new language"). This is assuming the speaker has no particular reason in the first sentence to think the person in question is learning a new language. If they did, they'd use (instead of lles) some sensory inferential particle instead (lloz, lloteus, llodos, llots, llolls) or the reportative or dubitative (llomus or llovos), or the speculative (llef).
Lles fý Sprakj broşoh?
/ɬɛs ɸɨi̯ ˈspɾax ˈbro.sʲɔʔ/
llo-e-s fý sprakj brot-şe-oh
2sg:DUR.VOL-IRR-2sg other language leave-know-Q
Are you learning a new language?
Llomus Sprakjallt broşo?
/ɬo.mʊs ˈspra.xʲaɬt ˈbro.sʲɔ/
llo-mu-s sprakj-allt brot-şe
2sg:DUR.VOL-REPORT-2sg language-Q leave-know
What language are you (as you say) learning?
The first sentence is in the irrealis mood; the second is not, and has a reportative evidential (since presumably the speaker was just told "Yes, I am learning a new language"). This is assuming the speaker has no particular reason in the first sentence to think the person in question is learning a new language. If they did, they'd use (instead of lles) some sensory inferential particle instead (lloz, lloteus, llodos, llots, llolls) or the reportative or dubitative (llomus or llovos), or the speculative (llef).
Edit: Substituted a string instrument for a French interjection.
| | ASL | | |
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Ular
你语新能头你?
Má jō phŏng párthā má?
TOP.2SG language new learn 2SG
Are you learning a new language?
你语么能头你?
Má jō nú párthā má?
TOP.2SG language which learn 2SG
Which language do you learn?
你语新能头你?
Má jō phŏng párthā má?
TOP.2SG language new learn 2SG
Are you learning a new language?
你语么能头你?
Má jō nú párthā má?
TOP.2SG language which learn 2SG
Which language do you learn?
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Shurturian
Lernos du niuwa zungûn?
[ˈlernos du ˈniu̯wa ˈsuŋgu:n]
learn-2SG.PRS 2SG new-ACC language-ACC
Are you learning a new language?
Lernos du niuwa zungûn?
[ˈlernos du ˈniu̯wa ˈsuŋgu:n]
learn-2SG.PRS 2SG new-ACC language-ACC
Are you learning a new language?
Re: Are you learning a new language?
Nyan Myat
Are you learning a new language?
Rhä̰ rhä̰ myat nyip myiw nyíw.
/ʀæ̰ ʀæ̰ mʲɑt ɲɪp mʲiʊ̯ ɲiʊ̯˧˥/
hunt hunt language new PRO.2 Q
What language are you learning?
Rhä̰ rhä̰ myat ngí myiw.
/ʀæ̰ ʀæ̰ mʲɑt ŋɪ˧˥ mʲiʊ̯/
hunt hunt language which PRO.2
Are you learning a new language?
Rhä̰ rhä̰ myat nyip myiw nyíw.
/ʀæ̰ ʀæ̰ mʲɑt ɲɪp mʲiʊ̯ ɲiʊ̯˧˥/
hunt hunt language new PRO.2 Q
What language are you learning?
Rhä̰ rhä̰ myat ngí myiw.
/ʀæ̰ ʀæ̰ mʲɑt ŋɪ˧˥ mʲiʊ̯/
hunt hunt language which PRO.2
:heb: I have gained self-respect and left. :yid: