Causative

[Squall]

The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[Lao Kou]

Géarthnuns

Chau kwídürs lén cha ömstensat höi sa zçansat cha berelinsak gamez.
DEF boss-NOM AUX.PAST.CAUS DEF cook-ACC PTCL INDEF cake-ACC DEF customer-DAT give
The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[Chagen]

Pazmat:

Madhā cebuseṣu cirtīm ātēyavyū
leader-DEF.SG.NOM cook-DEF.SG-ACC cake.INDEF.SG-DAT give-CAUS-PERF-3S

[Lao Kou]

Pazmat:

Madhā cebuseṣu cirtīm ātēyavyū
leader-DEF.SG.NOM cook-DEF.SG-ACC cake.INDEF.SG-DAT give-CAUS-PERF-3S

Would the "customer" be dative, too?

[Chagen]

...How did I forget "customer?" >_>

Yes.

Madhā cebuseṣu cirtīm mocisayat ātēyavyū
leader-DEF.SG.NOM cook-DEF.SG-ACC cake.INDEF.SG-DAT customer-DEF.SG-DAT give-CAUS-PERF-3S

[QuantumWraith]

The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

duu’ilsee duu’quyah nihtʼaahtśāgi yah taalihpay cãa̱wpay
[duːʔ˧.ʔil˦.səː˧ duːʔ˧.ǃu˦.ja̤h˧ ni̤h˧.t’aːh˧.tɕa˦.gi̥˧ ja̤h˧ taː˧.li̤h˦.pay˧ ǀɒ̃ːw˨.pay˦]
food-der1-nom food-der2-dat der3-pastry-give-3s prs.prf work-der4-caus master-caus

der1= one who makes N
der2= one who receives N
der3= a flat one
der4= the place in which N is done

[clawgrip]

Yabushionese


上司が板前にケーキを客人に上げさせけ。
Jōshi ga itamafe ni kēkyọ̄ kyakujin ni agesaseke.
/ʥoːɕi ɡa itamafe ni keːkjɔː kjakuʥiɴ ni aɡesaseke/
boss NOM cook DAT cake-ACC customer DAT give-CAUS-PST
The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[clawgrip]

Himmaswa


Draapwiap bot noh baryoh deuuk barchtom flet keuoch.
/dla̰ːpwiə̯p bɔt nɔ̤ ba̰˞ːjɔ̤ dyœ̯k ba̰˞ːʧtɔm flɛt kœɔ̯ʧ/
boss cause COMPL cook give cake arrive customer
The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[prettydragoon]

Rireinutire

hase niyayaha añeyaña kuhamu atakive:
hase niyaya-ha añeya-ña kuha-mu a-ta-ki-ve
boss.NOM customer-ADE cook-COM baked.good-ACC give-CAUS-PST-HSY
The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[gestaltist]

LIry

Be kopan yutgaratio kaadis be paadrmana e fodisaa be petemanelle.
DEF boss-SG.NOM make/force-PAST.DITR.INFER give-SG-ACC DEF cook-SG.DAT INDF cake-SG-ACC DEF customer-SG-ALL
The boss made the cook give the cake to the customer.

[Xing]

(You know the language)

Ko pwaya a ta giru nge imma (a) ta raikullu ta kura mi ta enna.
PFV cause ERG SG boss COMP give (ERG) SG cook SG cake ALL SG customer

It would require a subordinate clause to express something like this - 'The boss made that the cook gives the cake to the customer'.

Causatives derivations can only be formed from intransitive verbs.

[Ahzoh]

Vrkhazhian
Nupʾul ṛ-ʾamkaš nirmak ʾim ṛ-ṭankaš.
The cook was made to give a cake (to a customer) by the boss/owner.

I decided that causitive constructions are mostly usually in passive voice.

[Iyionaku]

The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

Yélian

A'sarevor a'viynor ovetat lènimi mia pès lovor.
[azaˈrevɔr aˈv͡aiːnɔr ˈdasat ˈlɛniːmi mia pɛs ˈloːvɔr]
ANIM-boss ANIM-cook bring-IMP-3SG cake-GEN one to customer

[Arioch]

The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.


Sa waldands waurhta þana kukjan giban kokan þamma bugjin.
[sɑ ˈwɑldɑnts ˈwɔrhtɑ ˈθɑnɑ ˈkukjɑn ˈgiβɑn ˈko:kɑn ˈθɑm:ɑ ˈbuɣjin]
the.SG-MASC boss make.3SG-PST the.ACC-SG-MASC give cake.ACC the.DAT-SG-MASC buyer.ACC

Gothlandic
Sa valdand vortta þan kukjan giva kókan þam bygjan.
[sa ˈvaldant ˈvɔrt:a θan ˈkʊkjan ˈgi:va ˈko:ka θam ˈbʏgjan] - Old Gothlandic
[sa ˈvaltant ˈvɔrhta θan ˈkʰʏcan ˈcɪ:va ˈkʰɔu̯ka θam ˈpɪcan] - Modern Gothlandic (obv. icelandic)
the.SG-MASC boss make.3SG-PST the.ACC-SG-MASC give cake.ACC the.DAT-SG-MASC buyer.ACC

- Nidrosian
Den valdende vorte den kuger geve en koge ad den byger.
[tn̩ vɑlˀn̩ ˈvoɐ̯tə tn̩ ˈkʰu:jɐ ˈke:və n̩ ˈkʰo:jə að tn̩ ˈpy:jɐ]
the .SG-MASC boss make.3SG-PST the.ACC-SG-MASC give cake.ACC the.DAT-SG-MASC buyer.ACC

And just for comparison:

Sa waldands waurhta þana kukjan giban kokan þamma bugjin.

Sa valdand vortta þan kukjan givan kokan þam bygjan.

Den valdende vorte den kuger geve en koge ad den byger.

[Lao Kou]

And just for comparison:

Sa waldands waurhta þana kukjan giban kokan þamma bugjin.

Sa valdand vortta þan kukjan givan kokan þam bygjan.

Den valdende vorte den kuger geve en koge ad den byger.

Nice touch. Presenting it this way throws them into relief immediately, and then you can go back to look under the hood.

[Creyeditor]

Let's see ... Causative ... German ... Periphrastic ... Wait , what? ... It is not even grammticalized? People don't know how to form such sentences?

German
Der Chef bracht-e den Koch da-zu, dem Kunde-n ein-en Kuchen zu geb-en.
DEF.M.NOM.SG boss bring\-3SG.PST DEF.M.ACC.SG chief 3SG.DAT.SG-to, DEF.M.DAT.SG customer-M.DAT.SG INDEF-M.ACC.SG cake to give-INF
~ The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

Der Chef zwang den Koch da-zu, dem Kunde-n ein-en Kuchen zu geb-en.
DEF.M.NOM.SG boss force\3SG.PST DEF.M.ACC.SG chief 3SG.DAT.SG-to, DEF.M.DAT.SG customer-M.DAT.SG INDEF-M.ACC.SG cake to give-INF
The boss forced the cook to give a cake to the customer.

[Click]

Project Onyx

• Yьṣṣín zı ṣ·tìkran srьn·ṣán raxь soṭьs ẓın.
  Yьṣṣín·Ø za\ı·Ø·Ø ıṣ=tìkran·Ø srьn=ṣán raxь·Ø ṣeł·ṭ·ьs
  boss·ᴅɪʀ force\ᴘғᴠ·ᴀᴄᴛ·3sɢ 3sɢ.ᴀᴄᴄ=cook·ᴅɪʀ customer=ᴅᴀᴛ cake·ᴅɪʀ give·ᴄᴀᴜs·ɪɴғ
  The boss made the cook give a cake to the customer.

[Prinsessa]

Maybe I could use my new subjunctive for this. The language has causatives but they can't be used with something as complex as this. The word for give is in fact a causative in itself.

Something like this, possibly:

customer | cake-give<SUBJ>-4:4-BEN | cook | be_responsible-3 | boss

Might perhaps be able to use my generic auxiliary in place of something like be responsible.

Literally this would be something along the lines of the boss was responsible for the fact that the cook gave the customer a cake.

I lack lexemes for most of these things so I can't put it into a concrete form for now, but it was a good syntactic practice either way.

[Micamo]

Mithara

ka:θnx̓ kʷaščp̓ikš̕xʷš̕nčiłč̕lt ka:xqa:
kaa-i-thnx' kwash-ch-p'iksh'-xws'n-ch-i-zch'l-t kaa-i-xqaa
INDEF.A-REAL-own cook-NOM-bread-sweet-NOM-REAL-give-CAUS INDEF.A-REAL-buy

Haneko

barama tapa hakari ponopane hikinowa
barama ta-po-a hakari ponopa=ne hikino=wa
cake give-CAUS-SG.M boss customer=FIDEL cook=ERG

[Imralu]

Just glosses for today.

Ngolu:

Exact gloss: make NOM.3s.DEF.MUJA.REL be.boss ACC.C give NOM.3s.DEF.KALI.REL cook ACC.3s.DEF.REL be.cake DAT.3s.DEF.KALI.REL be.customer

Simplified gloss: make NOMhe.who is.boss ACCthat give NOMhe.who cooks ACCthat.which is.cake DAThe.who is.customer

The boss makes the cook give the cake to the customer.
(Literally: The boss makes that the cook gives the cake to the customer.)