Parts of speech

[Xing]

As we know, parts of speech are not primarily defined by semantics, but rather by morphosyntactic behaviour. Sometimes, a word with (at least roughly) the same semantic content may be treated as different parts of speech:



I'm interested in linguistics. (adjective/participle)
Linguistics is an interest of mine. (Noun)
Linguistics interests me. (Verb)

Please provide the closest equivalents the above sentences in your (con)langs. You may also give other examples - for example, you could express roughly the same thing with and adverb (or whatever parts of speech that exist in your langs).

(I will provide examples when I have time, maybe tomorrow or so!)

[Hakaku]

French

Je m'intéresse à la linguistique. (reflexive verb)
1 1.ACC-interest in DET.F linguistics
"I'm interested in linguistics."

La linguistique est un de mes domaines d'intérêt. (noun)
DET.F linguistics is one.M of my.PL domains of-interest
"Linguistics is an interest of mine."

La linguistique m'intéresse. (reflexive verb)
DET.F linguistics 1.ACC-interest
"Linguistics interests me."

An adjectival example would be:

La linguistique est intéressante. (adjective)
DET.F linguistics is interesting.F
"Linguistics is interesting"

[Celinceithir]

- Celinese

2) Parom mo r-erðecím celínolsë lonyoirí.
/paˈɾɔm mɔ ˌʐɛɾðɛˈkim kɛˈlinˌɔlsə ˌlɔnʲɔiˈɾi/
amongst 1SG.POSS E.interest.MPL language.study to-number.PRS-1SG.ERG
"Linguistics is an interest of mine."

1) and 3) Erðecíom celínolsë
/ˌɛɾðɛˈkiwm kɛˈlinˌɔlsə/
interest.PRS-3SG.ERG-1SG.ABS language.study
"I am interested in linguistics"
"Linguistics interests me."

[Xing]

In Wakeu, the most straightforward way to express this kind of sentences would be to use verbs:

[e ˈtʲiːmʲa ˌaː mʲai̯ ˌβˠɨɾaβˠɑˈtʲeː]
E tima a mai wirawatee. (verb; "to be interesed in")
e tima a mai wira-watee a
PRS be_intersted_in ERG 1s linguistics
"I am interested in linguistics"

[e ˈtʲiːmʲa mʲai̯ aː ˌβˠɨɾaβˠɑˈtʲeː]
E tima mai a wirawatee. (also verb, but with a passive meaning)
e tima-Ø mai a wira-watee
PRS be_interested_in-PASS 1s ERG study-language
"Linguistics interests me"

[e ˈmʷoːɾe mʲai̯ aː ˌβˠɨɾaβˠɑˈtʲeː]
E more mai a wirawatee. (also verb, but with a passive meaning)
e more-Ø mai a wira-watee
PRS interest-PASS 1s INSTR study-language
"Linguistics interests me"

The closest "adjectival" example would be something like the following:

[e ˌkəi̯ˈmʷoːɾe ˌβˠɨɾaβˠɑˈtʲeː ˌtʲeβˠɑ mʲai̯]
E keimore wirawatee (tewa mai)
e kei-more wira-watee (tewa mai)
PRS ANTIPASS-interest study-language (DAT 1s)
"Linguistics is interesting (to me)"

[Systemzwang]

As we know, parts of speech are not primarily defined by semantics, but rather by morphosyntactic behaviour. Sometimes, a word with (at least roughly) the same semantic content may be treated as different parts of speech:



I'm interested in linguistics. (adjective/participle)
Linguistics is an interest of mine. (Noun)
Linguistics interests me. (Verb)

Please provide the closest equivalents the above sentences in your (con)langs. You may also give other examples - for example, you could express roughly the same thing with and adverb (or whatever parts of speech that exist in your langs).

(I will provide examples when I have time, maybe tomorrow or so!)

Finnish can parallel all three alternatives there:

Olen kiinnostunut kielitieteestä
is-1sg interested-[active,past participle, singular] language-science.from
Kielitiede on minulla kiinnostuksena
language-science.nom is.3sg me.at interest.essive (~I have language science for an interest)
or Kielitiede on kiinnostukseni
language-science.nom is.3sg interest.poss(1sg) (linguistics *is my interest*)
"an interest of mine" could maybe be obtained by "kiinnostuksiani" (pl.part, 1sg poss), but sounds stilted - usage of the plural partitive to denote membership in a set tends to be mostly done with superlative adjectives followed by a noun, for some reason, such as "hän on suomen parhaita kitaristeja" - he is finland's best.pl.part guitarist.pl.part = he is among finland's best guitarists

Kielitiede kiinnostaa minua
language science.nom interest.3sg me.part, linguistics interests me

I recently thought a bit about splitting up adjectives in two different word classes.

[Creyeditor]

As we know, parts of speech are not primarily defined by semantics, but rather by morphosyntactic behaviour. Sometimes, a word with (at least roughly) the same semantic content may be treated as different parts of speech:



I'm interested in linguistics. (adjective/participle)
Linguistics is an interest of mine. (Noun)
Linguistics interests me. (Verb)

Please provide the closest equivalents the above sentences in your (con)langs. You may also give other examples - for example, you could express roughly the same thing with and adverb (or whatever parts of speech that exist in your langs).

(I will provide examples when I have time, maybe tomorrow or so!)

Linguistik interessiert mich. (verb)
linguistics.SG to_be_in_someones_interest 1.SG.ACC
Ich interessiere mich für Linguistik (reflexive verb)
1.SG.NOM to_be_inbterested BENEFACTIVE/for linguistics.SG
Eines meiner Interessen ist Linguistik. (noun)
INDEF.N.GEN 1.SG.GEN.GEN interest.PL be.3.SG.IND.PRS linguistics.SG
Linguistik ist interessant für mich. (adjective)
lingusitics.SG be.3.SG.IND.PRS interesting BENEFACTIVE/for 1.SG.ACC

[Maraxxus]

Poxillkankellorró ténimket.
Poxillkankellor-ró ténimk-(e)-t.
linguistics-ASS be_interested-1SG
"I'm interested with linguistics."
I'm interested in linguistics.

Poxillkankellor ket ténimmetq.
Poxillkankellor ket ténim-met-q.
linguistics DEF.ART interest-1SG.POSS-3SG
Linguistics is an interest of mine.

Poxillkankellor letkvéq.
Poxillkankellor letk-véq.
linguistics concern/interest-3SG.NEUT›1SG
Linguistics interests me.

[Chagen]

Pazmat:

Matsugwas subir.
speech-learn-stuff-ACC learn-1ST.SIG-DESIDERDATIVE
("I want to learn linguistics"--this is close, though a verb "tozja" meaning "to prefer" could be used to mean "I prefer linguistics")

Matsugwa cjid cu Wiras Tozjpivas.
speech-learn-stuff be.3RD.SIG one my-GEN preferred-thing-PL-gen
("Linguistics is one of my preferred things".)

Matsugwa Waz tozjid.
speech-learn-stuff 1ST.SIG.ACC prefer-3RD.SING.NEU
("Linguistics prefers me")

[Micamo]

Project Charcoal:

nayakemane taba dawi ko
no-yaki-mani taba dawi ko
1s.ABS-flay-HAB[NPST.EXP] tongue [3s.POSS]story PL
"Linguistics interests me."

ti yakehai hamane taba dawi ko
ti yaki-hai eha-mani taba dawi ko
1s flay-NMLZ [3]be-HAB[NPST.EXP] tongue [3s.POSS]story PL
"Linguistics is an interest of mine." (more literally "Linguistics is a thing that interests me.")

Now, Project Charcoal doesn't have the ability to directly predicate adjectives (nor does it have a participle construction). There are two ways around this problem: First, we can just use a nominal encoding of the adjectival idea we'd like to express:

taba dawi ko wa yakehai wehamane
taba dawi ko wa yaki-hai wo-eha-mani
tongue [3s.POSS]story PL ERG flay-NMLZ 1s.ERG-be-HAB[NPST.EXP]
"I am interested by Linguistics."

The second option is to use a correlative construction:

nayakemane kai, to ha taba dawi ko
no-yaki-mani kai, to eha taba dawi ko
1s.ABS-flay-HAB[NPST.EXP] WH, REL [3]be[STATIVE.NPST.EXP] tongue [3s.POSS]story PL
"What interests me, Linguistics is it."