Phonology
/p b p͡f b͡v f v m/ p b p̆ b̆ f v m
/ t d t͡s d͡z s z n/ t d c d̆ s z n
/k g k͡x g͡ɣ x ɣ ŋ/ k g k̆ ğ h h̆ n̆
/ɦ/ '
/a e i o u/ a e i o u
No diphtongs.
Each verb has consonant cluster on a final position.
Syllable structure is (C)(V)(C)(C). (Yes - a vowel is optional).
Syntax and inflection
Hi'im is SVO and has 4 parts of speech: Noun, Verb, Functor and Numeral. Only verbs are inflected. A vowel added at the beginning of a verb indicates the person of its subject, and at the end - the person of its object.
a - 1. person
o - 2. person
i - 3. person
e - something/someone
u - anything/everything/anyone/everyone
For example, hn means to greet. What means ahno? Initial a means that subject's person is first person, and final o means that object's person is second.
Ahno = [1. person] [to greet] [2. person]
i.e.
Ahno = I greet you / Hello!
A [word1] turns word1 into its opposite. For example, ahno (I-greet-you) means hello, and a ahno (OPP I-greet-you) means goodbye. E [noun] [verb], means [verb]ing noun, and e [verb] [noun] means [verb]ed [noun]. For example, e pas ihl (REL dog it-greet) means dog that greets, and e ahli pas (REL I-greet-it dog) means dog that I greet.
Verb derivation
Hi'im has complex derivation system that allows you to create thousands of words from just a few roots. As an example, we will use root ps, which means to bite.
Every verb can be derivated to a noun, breaking its final consonant cluster with a vowel. The vowel used determines how the verb will be transformed into a noun.
a - Metaphorical nominative of the verb
o - Metaphorical accusative of the verb
i - Metaphorical instrumental of the verb
e - Metaphorical dative of the verb
u - Metaphorical enabler (see: Ithkuil) of the verb
pas - dog - dog bites
pos - prey - dog bites the prey
pis - teeth - dog bites with teeth
pes - blind spot - dog bites blind spot of the prey
pus - provocator - provocator causes dog to bite
To be verbs cannot derivate to nouns.
Noun derivation
Every noun can be derivated to a verb, turning its final consonant to consonant cluster. There are 2 ways to do it: T transformation, which turns [noun] to verb to be [noun], and C transformation, which turn the noun to verb, which is related to it, but it's not a verb from which this noun is derivated.
Here's a table that shows the T and C transformations.
Consonant - T transformation - C transformation
p - p̆ - ps
b - b̆ - bz
p̆ - pn - p̆s
b̆ - bn - b̆z
f - fp - fp̆
v - vb - vb̆
m - mp - mz
t - c - tf
d - d̆ - dv
c - tn̆ - cf
d̆ - dn̆ - d̆v
s - st - sc
z - zd - zd̆
n - nt - nd̆
k - k̆ - ks
g - ğ - gz
k̆ - kn - k̆s
ğ - gn - ğz
h - hk - hk̆
h̆ - h̆g - hğ (read h̆ğ)
n̆ - n̆k - n̆g
Some examples:
past - to be a dog
post - to be a prey
pist - to be a teeth
pest - to be a blind spot
pust - to be a provocator
pasc - to show love to someone
posc - to run from danger
pisc - to brush
pesc - to show up blind spot
pusc - to provocate
Lexicon
a - opposite of...
e - -ing or -ed
ps - to bite
pas - a dog
past - to be a dog
pasc - to show love to someone
pos - a prey
post - to be a prey
posc - to run from danger
pis - teeth
pist - to be a teeth
pisc - to brush
pisic - a brush
pisicf - to polish
pisicof - new thing
pisicofp - to be new
pes - blind spot
pest - to be a blind spot
pesc - to show up a blind spot
pus - provocator
pust - to be a provocator
pusc - to provocate
pusac - a rodeo man
pusoc - a bull
hn - to greet
Ahno! - Hello!
a hn - to say goodbye
A ahno! - Goodbye!
hin - language
Hi'im - Hi'im (it should be Hi'in)
nf - to create
a nf - to destroy
Phrases
Ipsu.
it-bite-everything
It bites everyone.
Ipisitn̆.
it-be.a.brush
It's a brush.
Apusco a onfi pisicof.
I-provocate-you OPP you-create-it new.thing
I provocate you to destroy a new thing.
Apisci e pas ipso.
I-brush-it REL dog it-bite-you
I brush the dog that bites you.