Does your language distinguish between happy/sad (a) relating to the emotional state of a person or animal and (b) relating to the quality of a thing or situation which can bring about this emotional state?
It's similar to the difference between these pairs: bored/boring, interested/interesting, embarrassed/embarrassing
1. Are you happy?
2. You look happy.
3. I was a happy child.
4. This is a happy occasion.
5. I only like happy music.
6. Why are you sad?
7. You sound sad.
8. There's a sad dog waiting for someone.
9. This has been a sad day for all of us.
10. It's a sad story.
11. I'm so embarrassed.
12. You're so embarrassing.
Ngolu to come later. Got to run!
happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
Glossing Abbreviations: COMP = comparative, C = complementiser, ACS / ICS = accessible / inaccessible, GDV = gerundive, SPEC / NSPC = specific / non-specific, AG = agent, E = entity (person, animal, thing)
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
________
MY MUSIC | MY PLANTS
Re: happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
Mine doesn't.
Yélian
1. Barca nàlbei?
[ˈbarka ˈnɐlb͡ɛɪ]
question happy-COP-2SG
Are you happy?
2. Sa nàlvalodei.
[sa ˌnɐlvaˈloːd͡ɛɪ]
2SG happy-look-2SG
You look happy.
3. Yibai îyinàl.
[ˈʃiːb͡aɪ ˈɪçiːˌnɐl]
PST-COP-1SG child-happy
I was a happy child.
4. Vat bit urunàl.
[vabɪt ˈʊɾʊˌnɐl]
3SG.DEM COP-3SG occasion-happy
This is a happy occasion.
5. Miatzabai clevaninàl.
[ˌmʲaˈtaːb͡aɪ klɛˈvaːniˌnɐl]
only-like-1SG music-happy
I only like happy music.
6. Miyde merubei?
[m͡aiːdə ˈmeːruˌb͡ɛɪ]
why sad-COP-2SG
Why are you sad?
7. Sa merurei.
[sa ˌmeːruˈr͡ɛɪ]
2SG sad-sound-2SG
You sound sad.
8. Atonúm, teriysmeruʻi mia unʻet teʻa.
[ˌatoˈnuːm ˈter͡aiːsˌmɛruʔi ˈunʔet ˈteʔa]
there dog-sad-NUM one wait-3SG someone
There's a sad dog waiting for someone.
9. Vat ilvat yimerubit can reno.
[vat ˈɪlvat ʃiˈmɛrubɪt kɐn ˈrɛno]
DEM day PST-sad-COP-3SG for 1COL.EXC
This has been a sad day for all of us.
10. Vat bit pliatérmeru.
[ˈva bɪ pliaˈtɛrˌmɛru]
3SG.DEM COP-3SG story-sad
It's a sad story.
11.Re ritcedeasbai.
[rɛ rɪtkəˈdeːasˌb͡aɪ]
1SG so-embarass-CLASSIFIZER-COP-1SG
I'm so embarrassed.
Sa ritcedeatsbei.
[sa rɪtəˈdeːat͡sˌb͡ɛɪ]
2SG so-embarass-GER-COP-2SG
12. You're so embarrassing.
Yélian
1. Barca nàlbei?
[ˈbarka ˈnɐlb͡ɛɪ]
question happy-COP-2SG
Are you happy?
2. Sa nàlvalodei.
[sa ˌnɐlvaˈloːd͡ɛɪ]
2SG happy-look-2SG
You look happy.
3. Yibai îyinàl.
[ˈʃiːb͡aɪ ˈɪçiːˌnɐl]
PST-COP-1SG child-happy
I was a happy child.
4. Vat bit urunàl.
[vabɪt ˈʊɾʊˌnɐl]
3SG.DEM COP-3SG occasion-happy
This is a happy occasion.
5. Miatzabai clevaninàl.
[ˌmʲaˈtaːb͡aɪ klɛˈvaːniˌnɐl]
only-like-1SG music-happy
I only like happy music.
6. Miyde merubei?
[m͡aiːdə ˈmeːruˌb͡ɛɪ]
why sad-COP-2SG
Why are you sad?
7. Sa merurei.
[sa ˌmeːruˈr͡ɛɪ]
2SG sad-sound-2SG
You sound sad.
8. Atonúm, teriysmeruʻi mia unʻet teʻa.
[ˌatoˈnuːm ˈter͡aiːsˌmɛruʔi ˈunʔet ˈteʔa]
there dog-sad-NUM one wait-3SG someone
There's a sad dog waiting for someone.
9. Vat ilvat yimerubit can reno.
[vat ˈɪlvat ʃiˈmɛrubɪt kɐn ˈrɛno]
DEM day PST-sad-COP-3SG for 1COL.EXC
This has been a sad day for all of us.
10. Vat bit pliatérmeru.
[ˈva bɪ pliaˈtɛrˌmɛru]
3SG.DEM COP-3SG story-sad
It's a sad story.
11.Re ritcedeasbai.
[rɛ rɪtkəˈdeːasˌb͡aɪ]
1SG so-embarass-CLASSIFIZER-COP-1SG
I'm so embarrassed.
Sa ritcedeatsbei.
[sa rɪtəˈdeːat͡sˌb͡ɛɪ]
2SG so-embarass-GER-COP-2SG
12. You're so embarrassing.
Last edited by Iyionaku on 04 Apr 2015 18:43, edited 1 time in total.
Wipe the glass. This is the usual way to start, even in the days, day and night, only a happy one.
Re: happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
Géarthnuns
1. Öçek la sfalöketh hönöi?
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES happy-NOM be-INTERR
Are you happy?
2. Öçek la sfalöketh zçeth.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES happy-NOM look
You look happy.
3. Sí lé söi séklets sfalöket nöi.
1SG-NOM AUX.PAST INDEF child-NOM happy-NOM be
I was a happy child.
4. Che hengeths la se raths lwengzhíth nöi.
DEF this-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF occasion-NOM happy-NOM be
This is a happy occasion.
5. Fí la fa ösevöpsat lwengzhípat nair fautail.
1SG-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES INDEF.NEG music-ACC.NEG happy-ACC.NEG only-ADV like
I only like happy music.
6. Öçek la chelöi hözçaf?
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES why be.sad-INTERR
Why are you sad?
7. Öçek la ba zçaf mnüzh.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES PTCL be.sad sound
You sound sad.
8. Sö ngarebs vlíösenöb la, chöb la shahöchethset ösef sho, miçnakh.
INDEF dog-NOM sad-NOM AUX.PRES, REL-NOM AUX.PRES someone-ACC wait.for PTCL, there.be
There's a sad dog waiting for someone.
9. Che hengeths lö se dalths zçafnalöth makhlamal fanfethel híau nöi.
DEF this-NOM AUX.PRESPRF INDEF day-NOM be.sad.PRES.CAUS.PTPL-NOM 1PL-DAT all-DAT.PL all-ADV be
This has been a sad day for all of us.
10. Sö sfadöbs vlíösenöb la nöi.
INDEF story-NOM sad-NOM AUX.PRES be
It's a sad story.
11. Sí la henga'u ftun.
1SG-NOM AUX.PRES so-ADV be.embarrassed
I'm so embarrassed.
12. Öçek lan hereçka'u ftun.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES.CAUS so-ADV be.embarrassed
You're so embarrassing.
1. Öçek la sfalöketh hönöi?
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES happy-NOM be-INTERR
Are you happy?
2. Öçek la sfalöketh zçeth.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES happy-NOM look
You look happy.
3. Sí lé söi séklets sfalöket nöi.
1SG-NOM AUX.PAST INDEF child-NOM happy-NOM be
I was a happy child.
4. Che hengeths la se raths lwengzhíth nöi.
DEF this-NOM AUX.PRES INDEF occasion-NOM happy-NOM be
This is a happy occasion.
5. Fí la fa ösevöpsat lwengzhípat nair fautail.
1SG-NOM.NEG AUX.PRES INDEF.NEG music-ACC.NEG happy-ACC.NEG only-ADV like
I only like happy music.
6. Öçek la chelöi hözçaf?
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES why be.sad-INTERR
Why are you sad?
7. Öçek la ba zçaf mnüzh.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES PTCL be.sad sound
You sound sad.
8. Sö ngarebs vlíösenöb la, chöb la shahöchethset ösef sho, miçnakh.
INDEF dog-NOM sad-NOM AUX.PRES, REL-NOM AUX.PRES someone-ACC wait.for PTCL, there.be
There's a sad dog waiting for someone.
9. Che hengeths lö se dalths zçafnalöth makhlamal fanfethel híau nöi.
DEF this-NOM AUX.PRESPRF INDEF day-NOM be.sad.PRES.CAUS.PTPL-NOM 1PL-DAT all-DAT.PL all-ADV be
This has been a sad day for all of us.
10. Sö sfadöbs vlíösenöb la nöi.
INDEF story-NOM sad-NOM AUX.PRES be
It's a sad story.
11. Sí la henga'u ftun.
1SG-NOM AUX.PRES so-ADV be.embarrassed
I'm so embarrassed.
12. Öçek lan hereçka'u ftun.
2SG-NOM AUX.PRES.CAUS so-ADV be.embarrassed
You're so embarrassing.
Last edited by Lao Kou on 26 Mar 2016 12:00, edited 1 time in total.
☯ 道可道,非常道
☯ 名可名,非常名
☯ 名可名,非常名
Re: happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
Nidrosian
Es tu las?
[əs tˢu: las]
be.2SG-PRS 2SG.NOM happy
"Are you happy?"
Tu tunkte las.
[tˢu: ˈtˢuŋktə las]
2SG.NOM appear.2SG-PRS happy
"You look happy."
Eg vas et lase barn.
[ɛɪ̯ ʋast ˈlæ:sə pɑ:ˀn]
1SG.NOM be.1SG-PST one happy child
"I was a happy child"
Dit est et lase mel.
[titst ət ˈlæ:sə me:l]
this be.3SG-PRS one happy time
"This is a happy occasion."
Deden las sønglist ligte mig.
[te:ð̞n̩ las ˈsœˀŋˌlist ˈli:tə mi:]
only happy music like.3RD-PRS 1SG.ACC
"I only like happy music."
Hve es tu gor?
[ʋe:s tˢu: kɒ:]
why be.2SG-PRS 2SG sad
"Why are you sad?"
Tu hilst gor.
[tˢu: hilst kɒ:]
2SG sound.2SG-PRS sad
"You sound sad."
Est en gore hund i bidte for sum.
[əstn̩ kɒ:ə huˀn i: ˈpið̞tə fɒ: suˀm]
be.3SG-PRS one sad dog SUBR wait.3SG-PRS for someone
"There's a sad dog waiting for someone."
Dit vas en gore dag for uns alle.
[tit ʋasn̩ kɒ:ə tɑʊ̯ fɒ: unˀs ˈalə]
this be.3RD-PST one sad day for 3SG-PL.ACC all
"This has been a sad day for all of us."
Dit est et gore spild.
[titst kɒ:ə spiˀl]
this be.3RD-PRS one sad story
"It's a sad story."
Eg em sve hønede.
[ɛɪ̯m̩ sʋə ˈhø:nəð̞ə]
1SG be.1SG-PRS so embarrass.PASS-PART
"I'm so embarrassed."
Tu es sve hønende.
[tˢu:s sʋə ˈhø:nənə]
2SG be.2SG-PRS so embarrass.PART
You're so embarrassing.
Es tu las?
[əs tˢu: las]
be.2SG-PRS 2SG.NOM happy
"Are you happy?"
Tu tunkte las.
[tˢu: ˈtˢuŋktə las]
2SG.NOM appear.2SG-PRS happy
"You look happy."
Eg vas et lase barn.
[ɛɪ̯ ʋast ˈlæ:sə pɑ:ˀn]
1SG.NOM be.1SG-PST one happy child
"I was a happy child"
Dit est et lase mel.
[titst ət ˈlæ:sə me:l]
this be.3SG-PRS one happy time
"This is a happy occasion."
Deden las sønglist ligte mig.
[te:ð̞n̩ las ˈsœˀŋˌlist ˈli:tə mi:]
only happy music like.3RD-PRS 1SG.ACC
"I only like happy music."
Hve es tu gor?
[ʋe:s tˢu: kɒ:]
why be.2SG-PRS 2SG sad
"Why are you sad?"
Tu hilst gor.
[tˢu: hilst kɒ:]
2SG sound.2SG-PRS sad
"You sound sad."
Est en gore hund i bidte for sum.
[əstn̩ kɒ:ə huˀn i: ˈpið̞tə fɒ: suˀm]
be.3SG-PRS one sad dog SUBR wait.3SG-PRS for someone
"There's a sad dog waiting for someone."
Dit vas en gore dag for uns alle.
[tit ʋasn̩ kɒ:ə tɑʊ̯ fɒ: unˀs ˈalə]
this be.3RD-PST one sad day for 3SG-PL.ACC all
"This has been a sad day for all of us."
Dit est et gore spild.
[titst kɒ:ə spiˀl]
this be.3RD-PRS one sad story
"It's a sad story."
Eg em sve hønede.
[ɛɪ̯m̩ sʋə ˈhø:nəð̞ə]
1SG be.1SG-PRS so embarrass.PASS-PART
"I'm so embarrassed."
Tu es sve hønende.
[tˢu:s sʋə ˈhø:nənə]
2SG be.2SG-PRS so embarrass.PART
You're so embarrassing.
Re: happy, sad, embarrass(ed/ing)
I have never thought about it, but I will make my language distinguish happy in 3 and 4.
Now, 5 will be ambiguous. Is it a song that makes people happy; or is it a song that expresses happiness?
Now, 5 will be ambiguous. Is it a song that makes people happy; or is it a song that expresses happiness?
English is not my native language. Sorry for any mistakes or lack of knowledge when I discuss this language.
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